After the granting of a Mining Lease, the mineral right holder must fulfill a fundamental technical step before starting operations: the demarcation of the area and the request for the Immission of Possession from the National Mining Agency (ANM). This procedure transforms the virtual polygonal, defined by coordinates, into physical and recognized boundaries on the ground.
But what exactly is the Immission of Possession? It is the administrative act by which the ANM formalizes the delivery of possession of the deposit to the miner, certifying that the area has been correctly demarcated in the field.
Based on ANM’s technical standards, this article covers what you need to know to execute this process securely and in compliance.
1. The Types of Landmarks and Their Functions in Demarcation
The demarcation of a mining area uses different types of topographic landmarks. Each has a specific function and a precision standard to be followed.
- Boundary Landmark (MD): It is the protagonist. Its function is to materialize in the field each of the vertices that define the polygonal of your mineral right.
- Basic Support Landmark (MAB): It is the “anchor”. A georeferenced landmark with centimetric precision that connects the entire survey to the official geodetic network of Brazil (SGB/IBGE).
- Immediate Support Landmark (MAI): It is the tactical “assistant”, used to locate vertices in places with GNSS (GPS) signal obstruction.
- Indicative Landmark (MI): It is the “substitute”, used to indicate the position of a vertex when the exact location is physically inaccessible (such as a riverbed).
The implementation of the landmarks must follow the quality standards defined by the ANM, which guarantee the reliability of the survey.
2. From Planning to Documentation: The Demarcation Flow
The demarcation process, from the initial analysis to the delivery of documentation to the ANM, follows a technical and sequential workflow. The main steps are:
- Prior Analysis and Planning: Before going to the field, the technical team analyzes the process, the coordinates, and the existence of confronting parties, planning the logistics of the Topographic Survey.
- Implementation of Landmarks: Fieldwork begins with the installation of reference landmarks (MABs and MAIs) and, subsequently, the location and materialization of the Boundary Landmarks (MDs) that define the polygonal.
- Management of Inaccessible Vertices: If necessary, Indicative Landmarks (MIs) are implemented, with the proper technical record of the distance and direction to the original coordinate.
- Preparation of the Technical Dossier: After the completion of the work, the dossier to be filed at the ANM is assembled, containing pieces such as the Technical Report, Coordinate and Accuracy Tables, MAB Monographs, among others.
The correct execution and documentation of this entire flow are indispensable steps for obtaining the Immission of Possession.
Do you have doubts about how to manage this process or guarantee the compliance of your technical dossier? Ígnea offers specialized consulting in all phases of the Immission of Possession, from planning the survey to the final filing at the ANM, ensuring the security and agility that your project needs.
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